The resistance in a piece of wire Essay Example for Free

The resistance in a piece of wire Essay Also if the atoms in the material are more closely packed then the electrons will have more frequent collisions and the resistance will increase. I will use Nichrome only. 4 Density of wire- In a higher density wire there will be a higher resistance because there will be more fixed ions and more collisions. 5 Temperature of wire- If the wire is heated up the atoms in the wire will start to vibrate because of their increase in energy. This causes more collisions between the electrons and the atoms as the atoms are moving into the path of the electrons. This increase in collisions means that there will be an increase in resistance. 6 Shape of wire- the wire will be straight and taped to a meter rule, the shape of the wire may increase the resistance. 7 Voltage of 2 volts- I will have to keep a constant voltage because if the voltage changes then the resistance will change. The equation for resistance = voltage / current. If voltage increases, resistance increases. Apparatus The apparatus I will need to perform this experiment will be: 1 Power pack (2volts) 2 Ammeter 3 Voltmeter 4 6 wires 5 2 crocodile clips 6 Meter rule 7 Masking tape 8 Board marker Circuit diagram Method I have chosen to take a range of 10 lengths. I have chosen a range of 10 as to plot an accurate graph I will need at least 10 points to mark on the graph. The lengths that I have chosen are as follows: 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40 cm, 50cm, 60cm, 70cm, 80cm, 90cm and 100cm. I have chosen these lengths because the meter ruler can easily measure them and enough results to make a firm conclusion. To change the length of the Nichrome wire during the experiment I will tape down 1 meter of Nichrome 32 swg wire to a meter rule. I will then connect the 2 crocodile clips different distances apart using the measurements on the meter rule. The wire will be attached at X in the circuit. In my experiment I will find the current in the circuit using an ammeter and I will find the voltage in the wire using a voltmeter. I will take these two readings so I can then calculate the resistance using the equation resistance = voltage / current. I want to make my experiment as accurate as possible so I want to produce repeat readings so that I can find an average resistance. I will be using a variable resistor in my experiment to produce these repeat readings. I will draw 4 equally spaced points on the variable resistor with a board marker. To get my repeat readings I will move the variable resistor to these 4 points and get four readings for each length. After I have found the average resistance for each length of wire I will produce a graph showing the average resistance against the length of the wire. I will draw on my graph a line of best fit and then from this I will be able to see if my prediction was correct and if the resistance does increase when the length of wire increases. 1. Set up a circuit as shown above. Set the power pack at a constant voltage of 2 volts. 2. At X in the circuit the wire will be placed. I will first connect the crocodile clips 100cm apart. Then turn the voltmeter and ammeter on and ensure the variable resistor is set at the first point. 3. Now turn on the power pack and record the first results shown on the ammeter and voltmeter. I must take the first results because the results may change due to overheating if the power pack is left on. Now turn off the power pack. 4. To take my repeat reading of 100cm I will then move the slider on the variable resistor to the second marked point. I will now turn on the power pack and record the first result shown on the ammeter and voltmeter. 5. I will continue taking my repeat readings and moving the variable resistor along and recording the results for 100cm. 6. I will then change the length of wire to 90cm by moving the crocodile clips and i will set the variable resistor at the first point. Then I will turn on the power pack and record the first set of results. I will take 4 repeat readings for each length of Nichrome wire. 7. I will record 4 repeat readings for each length of Nichrome wire until I have results for all 10 lengths. Results table Length (cm) Repeat number Voltage (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? ) Average 17. 82 I have put in bold any anomalous results. Analysing and considering evidence Conclusion From my graph I can tell that my prediction was correct. As the length increases the resistance increases, a piece of 20cm wire has a resistance of 3.8 ? and a piece of 30cm wire has a resistance of 5. 6 ?. This is because a longer piece of wire has a higher resistance because in a longer piece of wire there are more collisions between the electrons and the metal ions. In every successful collision energy is lost from the electron to the wire ions. The result is that the voltage of the wire increases. Because the equation for resistance is resistance = voltage / current, the resistance then increases. From my line of best I can also tell that as the length doubles the resistance always almost doubles too. A piece of 20cm wire has a resistance of 3.8 ? and a piece of 40cm wire has a resistance of 7. 4 ?. Double 3. 8 ? is 7. 6 ? this is almost double but not quite probably because my experiment was not quite accurate. A piece of wire 30cm long had a resistance of 5. 6 ? and a piece of wire 60cm long has a resistance of 11. 1 ?. This is also almost double, double 5. 6 ? is 11. 2 ?. The resistance doubles as the length doubles because there can be double the amount of successful collisions so double the amount of energy is lost causing the voltage to double and so the resistance doubles. Key Electron Metal ion Predicted results Length (cm)Predicted resistance ( ? ) Actual resistance ( ? ) Difference ( ? ) 1All of my results were quite close to my predicted results but as the length increases my predicted resistances become less accurate. This could have been for several reasons that are mentioned in my evaluation but probably as my experiment went on the wire overheated so my results became less accurate. Evaluating My method of collecting my results worked quite well. I gained the results I expected from my experiment. The quality of my evidence was good. My line of best fit went through almost all of my points on my graph and was quite similar to my predicted line of best. I did have some anomalous results. When I experimented with 10cm of Nichrome wire my fourth repeat readings was quite different to the other readings. It had a resistance 0. 87 ? that was the lowest repeat readings for 10cm. The second lowest was 1. 80 ? , this is quite a lot more than the anomalous result. When investigating which 30cm of Nichrome wire I had another anomalous result that was 6. 48 ? , the third repeat reading. This was the biggest repeat reading. The second largest was only 5. 89 ?. This could have been because:   I left the power pack on too long. This causes the wire to overheat.   When I was measuring the lengths of the Nichrome wire my measurements might have been slightly inaccurate. The rulers used might not have been exact and it was difficult to get an accurate reading of length by eye as the wire was not completely straight. Also the ruler may have been of different thicknesses throughout the length. This would have contributed as a slight error in my results.   The ammeter and voltmeter could have been slightly faulty and not given me correct, accurate readings. I connected the wire into the circuit using crocodile clips. These were quite loose and so this could have made my results less accurate. If I improved my method I could either attach the wires with tape but this may affect my results so instead I could solder the Nichrome wire into my circuit. It was difficult to adjust the variable resistor slider accurately only by eye. If I did the investigation again I could try to and adjust the variable resistor accurately I will use an advanced digital variable resistor.   I also found it difficult to measure exact lengths against the meter rule because the crocodile clips didnt clip on to the wire very securely. If I did the investigation again I could pre cut all the lengths of wire before the experiment instead of just connecting the crocodile clips at different distances apart on the meter rule. To further my investigation I could use the same method but increase the range of lengths. I could use lengths of up to 3 meters. I could take readings from lengths at smaller intervals; I could take reading every 5cm instead of every 10cm as I did. I could also take more repeat readings to get a even more accurate average. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Why Cant We All Just Get Along? :: essays research papers fc

Why Can’t We All Just Get Along?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concern of weapons of mass destruction is perhaps one of the largest growing issues in the world today. These weapons are a threat to everyone; actually, they are a threat to the existence of the world, and it is for this simple reason, why there is concern regarding this topic all over the globe. â€Å" [The threat of weapons of mass destruction is] A Damocles sword poised on the neck of the human race, the magnitude of the threat they pose cannot be overstated† (Sid-Ahmed, 1). It is for this reason efforts are being made to ban the use of and/or destroy weapons of mass destruction all over the world. The question is, will the prohibition and destruction of weapons benefit the world or will it put us at a disadvantage?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If all nuclear weapons in the world were destroyed, the world would certainly benefit because the threat would be eliminated. America is making efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons all over the world. They have decided it is a good idea to go into other countries and â€Å"peacefully† force them to stop production of and destroy their nuclear weapons. The New York Times states, â€Å"Iraq has to get rid of its biological and chemical arms and missiles and the means to make them, and abandon its efforts to develop nuclear weapons† (NYT, 1). This of course sounds like a splendid idea because the less nuclear weapons we have, the less chance people have to use them, but then the United States goes on to give Iraq an ultimatum. â€Å"That [the destruction of the nuclear weapons] can be accomplished in one of two ways. Iraq can make a full declaration of its weapons arsenal this weekend, and then work with the UN to destroy the arms. If it doesn’t , the United States is likely to use military forces to disarm Iraq† (NYT, 1). While the intentions of the United States are noble enough, they are not going about getting results in the most intelligent manner because by â€Å"threatening† Iraq they seem as if their motives are not quite what they seem. It is almost a hypocritical concept because the United States says that they want to eliminate violence, but they are going about it by threatening other countries. The Tehran Times of Iran shows us how they view what the United States is trying to do.

Dulce Decorum

Taylor 1 Dying for a State through Poetry Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est uses vivid imagery which removes any romantic ideas that it is sweet and honorable to die for the fatherland. Randall Jarrell’s The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner uses ambiguity to compare death for the state and abortion. Both writings convey the horror of dying for a state. The Death of the Ball turret Gunner begins â€Å"from my mother’s sleep, I fell into a state and hunched in its belly until my fur froze. † This is saying that the gunner was born from his mother’s warmth into a cold state, as he is born in the belly of a high altitude bomber.The â€Å"State† is referred to as cold and less nourishing in Randall Jerrell’s poem. In Dulce et Decorum Est the poem reveals hidden truths of the first world war, and showed the cruelties the soldiers had to face on a day to day basis. Dulce et Decorum est begins â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars† (5) A ll the turmoil’s that young men were put through making them feel and look older than they really were, breaking them down making them lose their spirit they had as young men. What makes this poem unique is the fact that Wilfred Owen was there to witness the horrors of the first world war.Owen continues â€Å"An ecstasy of fumbling fitting helmets. † As the soldiers ran from the gas bombs their helmets bouncing on their heads, putting them at bigger risk of dying for your country. War is often glorified by others that have not experienced how horrifying war can be and they think that they can be hero’s, because of stories they heard as a child from a mother or a father that makes war seem romantic and patriotic so they should enlist in the romance of being that hero not realizing that the war is truly a horrifying experience.Owen states at the end of his poem â€Å"to children ardent for some desperate glory† (25) Children who think it is sweet and honora ble to die for ones country because someone who has no experience has told them stories of romance and patriotism allowing them to believe they will be hero’s in the perfect dream. Taylor 2 Wilfred Owen and Randall Jerrell both tell the gruesome truths of the war and ow it really was to be that unsung hero that watched his friends die and be put into a cart to be hauled off not really knowing if their families and loved ones knew they had passed on, or how it was to be the product of a war and to not live past your first hour because you were born into the freezing belly of a bomber plane and treated like trash when the plane has finally landed and was being cleaned out. How the war today is any different than what both of these authors are trying to say?There is no difference because in Dulce et Decorum est the very last words â€Å"The old lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. † â€Å"It is sweet and honorable to die for the fatherland. † The recruitment offices of today still tell their soldiers that they are doing America a favor by fighting for them and that it is an honorable way to live life however it is not said that it is honorable if you die but if you live you have better opportunities in life to go somewhere and be someone.What happened to those young men who fought in the First World War? Most of them lost their friend because they were told it was honorable to die for their country, then a lot of them came home from the wars crippled and could not participate in the things they did before they enlisted, and then some of them came home in a plain pine box to families that only then saw the horrors of the war.

Post Modernism And Its Influence On Society - 1699 Words

Post-modernism came about in the late-20th century following modernism, which was a period where people had a new found freedom to follow their own path in life, whether it was religion, science, philosophy, art, or really anything they put their mind to as opposed to strictly traditional beliefs. Writers could express their emotions more easily without really feeling a backlash from what everyone else thought. Two female writers who were able to freely express themselves in their writing during post-modernism were Linda Pastan and Sharon Olds. Linda Pastan talked more about her life in general like every day anxieties, her marriage, parenting, and even grief. However, Sharon Olds was a little more controversial in her writing since she often talked about sexuality and violence. Their writing styles were similar in the aspect that they both enjoyed writing based on their own lives, but still very different on how they talked about certain subject matter. Even with different approaches, these two authors were still both very influential on others who wanted to share the same dream. Both authors have had similar educational backgrounds and writing recognition. Pastan Was raised in New York City and attended Radcliffe College. After her graduation, she decided to focus her life on her family and did not return to writing until 10 years later when she was encouraged by her husband to do so. She received awards such as Mademoiselle poetry prize, the Dylan ThomasShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism : What Is Post Modernism?1389 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Post-Modernism? Post modernism is a difficult view point to interpret or describe in a few words, as to provide an insightful description that remains succinct is quite ironic as postmodernism opposes the attempt to ascribe one broad meaning to any â€Å"thing†. Postmodernism has often been referred to as the destruction of the Metanarrative. Thought-out all cultural eras society has usually had a focal point in their cultures. The age of enlightenment used God, modernists used technology, postmodernismRead MoreModernism And Postmodernism1207 Words   |  5 PagesModernism is very troublesome to define with clarity because of the fact that the term revolves around various genres of movements be it artistic or philosophical. Nonetheless, there are some primary beliefs of the Modernist genres that appeal in someway or the other to the various movements and also the writers. Modernism in general can broadly be described as the â€Å"deviation from the ancient and classic manner†. (Johnson, J., The New Royal and Universal English Dictionary, Millard, 1763). It isRead More Modernism vs Neo-Traditionalism Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Modernism vs Neo-Traditionalism: A debate on the merits and failures of two major competing paradigms in architecture and urban planning. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beyond the term modernism underlies one of the greatest ideas in architectural development. Modernism was meant to provide more green areas, cheaper housing and more efficient use of space. This was to be accomplished by creating vertically dense spaces with the use of the new inventions of the nineteenth century, such as steel, glassRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 PagesModernism and Postmodernism To begin with, to determine the meaning of postmodernism is possible only through the relationship with modernism. Modernism in modern science is understood as a kind of cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel andRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1472 Words   |  6 PagesModernism and Postmodernism are both two important eras in design. Postmodernism takes a lot of concepts from the modernism era. Both modernism and post modernism focus on Style, Social analysis, Cultural Context, Philosophy, Politics, Human experience, Machine aesthetics, and the constant transformation of the â€Å"New†. An interesting fact of the Modernism and Postmodernism is the use of the psychology and philosophy themes 1. Sub jectivity 2.History 3. Culture and 4. Theoretically divers aestheticsRead MoreModernism vs. Post-Modernism1338 Words   |  6 PagesModernism  sociologically, is a discipline that arose in direct response to the social problems of modernity (Harriss 2000, 325); the term most generally refers to the social conditions, processes, and discourses of 1438-1789 and extending to the 1970s or later (Toulmin 1992, 3–5). Modernity may also refer to tendencies in intellectual culture, particularly the movements intertwined with secularization and post-industrial  life, such as  Marxism,  existentialism, and the formal establishment of  socialRead MoreThe Modernist Movement And Its Influence On Art1688 Words   |  7 Pages  One of the factors that helped shaped Modernism was the development of modern industrial societies as well as the rapid growth of cities.  Modernists rejected Enlightenment thinking and some even rejected certain religious beliefs.  One characteri stic,  possibly the most important one,  of Modernism was the idea of self-consciousness  (Farah).  The Modernist movement would influence the literature written such as novels and poetry and would also have an influence on art work during this time period.  ThreeRead MoreThe American Dream and the Post War Era Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pageswas primarily focused on working hard, men providing for their families, and trying to rise from the depression. In the 1940’s, post World War II things changed and consumerism and feminism began to play a key role along with many other factors. There are many ways to describe the American dream and what aspects were influential to it, such as World War II, modernism, new technology and entertainment. The 1940’s was an interesting and critical time for the United States of America. World War IIRead MoreAsses to the Extent in Which Soceity Has Entered a Period of Modernity1283 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments and evidence support the view that society has entered a stage of postmodernity (33 Marks) In recent years as society has developed some sociologists have said that some explanations have become irrelevant in our society. These sociologists being postmodernists. Until recent years society is said to have been in a state of Modernity (is that right..?) and postmodernists have argued we have entered into a stage of Post Modernity. This change in society could be seen as easily noticed by theRead MoreThe Role of Woman1397 Words   |  6 Pagescolonial society changed much, if not at all. Each reading that we have read, the women’s role is mainly to stay home with her children to raise them and tend to them while the husband works and makes the income while sheltering his family. Another role that the women throughout these time periods is that most of them don’t know the outside world because of not doing much but raising their children. A role of women throughout British and colonial society is that the pressure of society influences on them